Establishing chain of evidence as a base for non-repudiation services

Disputes are inevitable in business. Disputes ill the real world are resolved ill various ways. Similarly, in the virtual world, there is a variety of non-repudiation services as defined in the ISO/IEC standards [5, 6, 7, 8]. Whatever actions are taken, evidence is the key to the successful conduct of these services. These previous works usually define the concept of non-repudiation services using a single piece of evidence, which fails to describe the causality of all event completely. In business, no activity is atomic, and evidence therefore does not exist as all atomic piece. Rather, evidence exists in the form of a series of relevant pieces of evidence. That is, we Must consider a series of activities-formed onto a cycle of value transfers. This paper introduces a chain-of-evidence concept to electronic commerce as a basis for the refinement of the pertinent international standards. The chain of evidence call be analyzed and derived from the cyclic model of value transfers. From information Security and information processing perspectives, this paper aims to provide a better evidence-management methodology as the first step to he taken ill settling any disputes. As a result, we expect that the research Will Contribute a theoretical basis for non-repudiation services in the practical world.