The XXL Survey II. The bright cluster sample: catalogue and luminosity function

被引：110

作者：

Pacaud, F. ^{[1
]}

Clerc, N. ^{[2
]}

Giles, P. A. ^{[3
]}

Adami, C. ^{[4
]}

Sadibekova, T. ^{[5
]}

Pierre, M. ^{[5
]}

Maughan, B. J. ^{[3
]}

Lieu, M. ^{[6
]}

Le Fevre, J. P. ^{[7
]}

Alis, S. ^{[8
,9
]}

Altieri, B.

Ardila, F. ^{[11
]}

Baldry, I. ^{[32
]}

Benoist, C. ^{[9
]}

Birkinshaw, M. ^{[3
]}

Chiappetti, L. ^{[12
]}

Democles, J. ^{[6
]}

Eckert, D. ^{[13
]}

Evrard, A. E. ^{[14
,15
,16
]}

Faccioli, L. ^{[5
]}

Gastaldello, F. ^{[12
]}

Guennou, L. ^{[17
]}

Horellou, C. ^{[19
]}

Iovino, A. ^{[20
]}

Koulouridis, E. ^{[21
]}

Le Brun, V.

Lidman, C.

Liske, J. ^{[33
]}

Maurogordato, S.

Menanteau, F. ^{[22
,23
]}

Owers, M. ^{[18
,24
]}

Poggianti, B. ^{[25
]}

Pomarede, D.

Pompei, E. ^{[26
]}

Ponman, T. J. ^{[6
]}

Rapetti, D. ^{[27
,28
]}

Reiprich, T. H. ^{[1
]}

Smith, G. P. ^{[6
]}

Tuffs, R. ^{[34
]}

Valageas, P. ^{[29
,30
]}

Valtchanov, I. ^{[10
]}

Willis, J. P. ^{[31
]}

Ziparo, F. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[2] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[3] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England

[4] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France

[5] CEA Saclay, CEA DSM IRFU SAp, Serv Astrophys AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[6] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

[7] CEA Saclay, CEA DSM IRFU SEDI, Serv Elect Detecteurs & Informat, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[8] Istanbul Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey

[9] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observ Cote Azur, UMR 7293, F-06304 Nice, France

[10] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain

[11] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

[12] INAF, IASF Milano, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[13] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Ch Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[14] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[15] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[16] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[17] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa

[18] Australian Astron Observ, POB 915, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia

[19] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Onsala Space Observ, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden

[20] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via Brera 28, I-20122 Milan, Italy

[21] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, Athens 15236, Greece

[22] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[23] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[24] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia

[25] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[26] European Southern Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Vitacura 19001, Santiago De Chi, Chile

[27] Univ Copenhagen, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Manes Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[28] Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

[29] CEA DSM IPhT, Inst Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[30] CNRS, URA 2306, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[31] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, Canada

[32] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, IC2,Liverpool Sci Pk,146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England

[33] ESO, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[34] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Dept Astrophys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2016年 / 592卷

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

surveys; X-rays: galaxies: clusters; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; large-scale structure of Universe cosmological parameters; XMM-LSS SURVEY; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS; SCALE STRUCTURE SURVEY; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; PRECISION COSMOLOGY; OBSERVED GROWTH; NUMBER COUNTS; EVOLUTION;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201526891

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. The XXL Survey is the largest survey carried out by the XMM-Newton satellite and covers a total area of 50 square degrees distributed over two fields. It primarily aims at investigating the large-scale structures of the Universe using the distribution of galaxy clusters and active galactic nuclei as tracers of the matter distribution. The survey will ultimately uncover several hundreds of galaxy clusters out to a redshift of similar to 2 at a sensitivity of similar to 10 (14) erg s (1) cm (2) in the [0.5-2] keV band. Aims. This article presents the XXL bright cluster sample, a subsample of 100 galaxy clusters selected from the full XXL catalogue by setting a lower limit of 3 x 10(-1)4 erg s(-1) cm(-2) on the source flux within a 1' aperture. Methods. The selection function was estimated using a mixture of Monte Carlo simulations and analytical recipes that closely reproduce the source selection process. An extensive spectroscopic follow-up provided redshifts for 97 of the 100 clusters. We derived accurate X-ray parameters for all the sources. Scaling relations were self-consistently derived from the same sample in other publications of the series. On this basis, we study the number density, luminosity function, and spatial distribution of the sample. Results. The bright cluster sample consists of systems with masses between M-500 = 7 x 10(13) and 3 x 10(14) M-circle dot, mostly located between z = 0.1 and 0.5. The observed sky density of clusters is slightly below the predictions from the WMAP9 model, and significantly below the prediction from the Planck 2015 cosmology. In general, within the current uncertainties of the cluster mass calibration, models with higher values of sigma(8) and/or Omega(M) appear more difficult to accommodate. We provide tight constraints on the cluster differential luminosity function and find no hint of evolution out to z similar to 1. We also find strong evidence for the presence of large-scale structures in the XXL bright cluster sample and identify five new superclusters.

引用

页数：25

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