Leakage testing for different adhesive systems and composites to permanent teeth

Aim: To explore the microleakage of different adhesive systems and flowable composites to permanent teeth. Subjects and Methods: In this study, a total of 84 human premolar teeth were used. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces. The teeth were randomly assigned to six groups of 14 teeth each as follows: The first group u etch-rinse adhesive applied and cavities filled with flowable composite, the second group u etch-rinse adhesive applied and cavities filled with bulk-fill resin composite, the third group u one-stage self-etch (SE) adhesive applied and cavities filled with flowable composite, the fourth group u one-stage SE adhesive applied and cavities filled with bulk-fill resin composite, the fifth group u two-stage SE adhesive applied and cavities filled with flowable composite, and the sixth group u two-stage SE adhesive applied and cavities filled with bulk-fill resin composite. All specimens were then stored for 24 h at 37 degrees C in distilled water. Teeth were then thermocycled for 500 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C prior to immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h. Two mesiodistal cuts of each tooth were photographed for leakage with a digital camera. The dye infiltrated surface for each specimen was measured and data were collected with a software program. Statistical evaluations were done by nonparametric KruskaluWallis test and MannuWhitney U-test. Results: There were statistically significant differences in mean microleakage ratio among the groups (P < 0.05). The first group had shown significantly increased microleakage areas than the other four groups (third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups) (P < 0.05), except for the second group (P 0.05). It was also no significant different between the mean microleakage areas of group fourth and group fifth (P 0.05). The sixth group had exhibited the lowest microleakage areas, and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: In this study, it has been found that the use of total etch adhesive systems resulted in high leakage values.