Self-care behaviours among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The burden of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in South Asian coun-tries is increasing rapidly. Self-care behaviour plays a vital role in managing T2DM and preventing complications. Research on self-care behaviours among people with T2DM has been widely conducted in South Asian countries, but there are no system-atic reviews that assess self-care behaviour among people with T2DM in South Asia. This study systematically assessed the studies reporting self-care behaviours among people with T2DM in South-Asia. Methods Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we searched six bibliographic databas-es (Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and PsychInfo) to identi-fy the relevant articles published between January 2000 through March 2022. Eligi-bility criteria included all observational and cross-sectional studies reporting on the prevalence of self-care behaviours (ie, diet, physical activity, medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care) conducted in South Asian countries among people with T2DM. Results The database search returned 1567 articles. After deduplication (n= 758) and review of full-text articles (n= 192), 92 studies met inclusion criteria and were included. Forward and backward reference checks were performed on included stud-ies, which resulted in an additional 18 articles. The pooled prevalence of adherence to blood glucose monitoring was 65% (95% CI=49-80); 64% for medication adher-ence (95% CI=53-74); 53% for physical activity (95% CI =39-66); 48% for diet (95% CI = 38-58); 42% for foot care (95% CI = 30-54). About a quarter of people with T2DM consumed alcohol (25.2%, IQR= 13.8%-38.1%) and were using tobacco products (18.6%, IQR= 10.6%-23.8%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the prevalence of self-care behaviours among people with T2DM in South Asia is low. This shows an urgent need to thoroughly in-vestigate the barriers to the practising of self-care and design and implement interven-tions to improve diabetes self-care behaviour among people with T2DM in South Asia.