The dispersals of early hominins in the fate Pliocene or early Pleistocene into Eurasia were essentially sporadic. Little geographic and temporal continuity is observed between the various dated archaeological contexts, and the lithic assemblages do not demonstrate a techno-morphological continuity. The archaeological evidence from 1.8 to 0.7 Ma indicates at least three waves of early migrations. The earliest sortie involved bearers of core-chopper industries sometime around 1.7-1.6 Ma. Early Acheulean producers followed possibly around 1.4 Ma. The third wave occurred sometime around 0.8 Ma, and is represented by Acheulean groups who manufactured numerous flake cleavers. The geographic scope of each of these waves is not yet well known. The reasons for 'why' early humans dispersed from Africa into Eurasia include the 'push' of environmental change and relative 'demographic pressure', as well as the opening of new niches. Humans may have gained their meat supplies either from carcasses or through active predation. The archaeological and fossil records demonstrate that Homo erectus was a successful species, and like other successful species it enlarged its geographic distribution at all costs. Even if the trigger for the initial dispersal of Homo erectus remains unknown or controversial, the success of the hominid occupation of the Eurasian habitats was not primarily facilitated by the availability of food, or the human flexibility in food procuring techniques, but by the absence of the zoonotic diseases that plagued and constrained hominins in their African 'cradle of evolution'. Once humans succeeded in crossing the disease-plagued belts of Africa the chances for survival of many more members of their groups rose steeply. It was only thereafter that humans could exploit their latent capacities and came to enjoy their global colonization. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
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Univ Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USAUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
Terhune, Claire E.
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Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterranean Lab European & African Prehist, Marseille, FranceUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
Croitor, Roman
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Ohio Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Athens, OH USAUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
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Dragusin, Virgil
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Dragusin, Virgil
Petculescu, Alexandru
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Romanian Inst Sci & Technol, Cluj Napoca, RomaniaUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
Petculescu, Alexandru
Pobiner, Briana
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Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC USAUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
Pobiner, Briana
Robinson, Chris
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CUNY, Bronx Community Coll, New York, NY USA
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New York Consortium Evolutionary Primatol, New York, NY USAUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
Robinson, Chris
Robu, Marius
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Romanian Acad, Emil Racovita Inst Speleol, Bucharest, RomaniaUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
Robu, Marius
Werdelin, Lars
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Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeobiol, Stockholm, SwedenUniv Arkansas, Dept Anthropol, Fayetteville, AR USA
Werdelin, Lars
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Univ Rovira & Virgili, Inst Catala Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social I, Area Prehist, Tarragona 43002, SpainUniv Rovira & Virgili, Inst Catala Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social I, Area Prehist, Tarragona 43002, Spain
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Sala Ramos, Robert
Pedro Rodriguez, Xose
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Pedro Rodriguez, Xose
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Mosquera, Marina
Olle, Andreu
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Olle, Andreu
Maria Verges, Josep
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Maria Verges, Josep
Martinez-Navarro, Bienvenido
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Bermudez de Castro, Jose Maria
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Ctr Nacl Invest Evoluc Humana CENIEH, Burgos, SpainUniv Rovira & Virgili, Inst Catala Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social I, Area Prehist, Tarragona 43002, Spain
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Fudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaFudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China
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Pamjav, Horolma
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Natl Ctr Forens Experts & Res, H-1087 Budapest, HungaryFudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China
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Flegontov, Pavel
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Univ Ostrava, Fac Sci, Dept Biol & Ecol, Ostrava 71000, Czech Republic
Russian Acad Sci, AA Kharkevich Inst Informat Transmiss Problems, Moscow 127051, RussiaFudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China
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Stenzl, Vlastimil
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Police Czech Republ, Inst Criminalist, Prague 17089, Czech RepublicFudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China
Stenzl, Vlastimil
Wen, Shao-Qing
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Tong, Xin-Zhu
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Wang, Chuan-Chao
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Wang, Ling-Xiang
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Wei, Lan-Hai
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Inst Natl Langues & Civilisat Orient, F-75013 Paris, FranceFudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China
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Gao, Jing-Yi
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Univ Tartu, Fac Arts & Humanities, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia
Beijing Int Studies Univ, Fac Cent European Studies, Beijing 100024, Peoples R ChinaFudan Univ, Sch Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Contemporary Anthropol, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China
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