Weaved into the fabric of life: A qualitative exploration on impact of water-related disasters in the Char Community of Assam, India

Disasters have a significant social, economic and health impact. This study explores the community perception on drivers of risk, vulnerability, disaster management practices and health impact of water-related disasters in Assam, a north-east state of India. In this qualitative study semi-structured focus-group discussions (n = 5) and in-depth interviews (n = 11) were conducted in the Char region of lower Assam. Participants were residents and community leaders of the area. Framework analysis was used for data analysis, iteratively modifying the framework, based on the data. The results of the study show a complex interplay of factors that increased the disaster risk of the Char community. Poverty, illiteracy, inequality, vulnerable livelihoods, changing social aspirations, and land erosion in the context of the recurring nature of flood meant disasters were part of the lived reality of the community. Life in the Chars revolved around personal loss due to disasters, coping and recovering from the impact, preparing for the future and then 'losing everything to the river'. Community perspectives also highlighted the focus on disaster response and relief practices rather than 'building back better' during the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase; or addressing long-term critical requirements of the community. The findings of the study highlight the impact of water related disasters and key social dimensions of vulnerability, social justice, and equity. Current disaster management practices need to be guided by community needs and build community and systems resilience in alignment with the Sendai Framework (2015-2030) to which India is a signatory.