Response to Comment on "Activation of β-Catenin in Dendritic Cells Regulates Immunity Versus Tolerance in the Intestine"

Murphy argues that deletion of beta-catenin in macrophages is a caveat to our interpretation that Wnt signaling programs dendritic cells (DCs) into a tolerogenic state in the gut. However, our data demonstrate that beta-catenin-deficient DCs are greatly impaired in inducing regulatory T cells, and induce enhanced T helper 17 (T(H)17)/T(H)1 responses. Assessing the relative importance of DCs versus macrophages in intestinal tolerance must await tools that permit the genetic deletion of the numerous DC and macrophage subsets in the intestine.