Visual Responses to Moving and Flashed Stimuli of Neurons in Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) Optic Tectum

Simple Summary Avian can quickly and accurately detect surrounding objects (especially, moving ones). However, it was unknown how different neurons in the optic tectum (OT) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) processed moving objects compared to static ones. The electrophysiological results showed that the latency of response to moving stimuli was shorter than that to flashed ones, while the firing rates of response to moving stimulus were higher than that to flashed ones. Furthermore, the modeling study demonstrated that the faster and stronger response to a moving stimulus compared to a flashed stimulus may result from the accumulation process across space and time by tectal neurons. This study also sheds new light on the understanding of motion processing by birds. Birds can rapidly and accurately detect moving objects for better survival in complex environments. This visual ability may be attributed to the response properties of neurons in the optic tectum. However, it is unknown how neurons in the optic tectum respond differently to moving objects compared to static ones. To address this question, neuronal activities were recorded from domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) optic tectum, responsible for orienting to moving objects, and the responses to moving and flashed stimuli were compared. An encoding model based on the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) framework was established to explain the difference in neuronal responses. The experimental results showed that the first spike latency to moving stimuli was smaller than that to flashed ones and firing rate was higher. The model further implied the faster and stronger response to a moving target result from spatiotemporal integration process, corresponding to the spatially sequential activation of tectal neurons and the accumulation of information in time. This study provides direct electrophysiological evidence about the different tectal neuron responses to moving objects and flashed ones. The findings of this investigation increase our understanding of the motion detection mechanism of tectal neurons.