Application of Bio-Engineering for Marginal Soil Improvement: An Eco-Friendly Ground Improvement Technique

Soil improvement using bio-engineering techniques which include vegetative covers, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation are eco-friendly and sustainable in nature. They provide a convenient alternative to traditional ground improvement techniques which are uneconomical or detrimental to the environment (cement, lime etc.), the increased carbon foot print and other geoenvironmental issues related with either their production or harmful effects after application have always posed a challenge. This review puts forth the role of bio-engineering in improving geotechnical and geoenvironmental properties of soils along with their working mechanisms in labs and field. Moreover, the effect of bio-engineering as a remediation measure to soil contamination has also been addressed. This review article also highlights the potential applications and disadvantages of these techniques in improving marginal sediments. At the end, some recommendations for future research work have also been highlighted.