The public health sector has always represented a complex administrative and operational responsibility that is mostly evident in countries with emerging economies. In view of this situation, Public-Private Partnerships represent a management alternative focused on raising the quality of patient care in the institutions that make up the Public Health Network. In view of this situation, the researchers established as the objective of the present research, to analyze the scientific production in relation to the Impact of Public-Private Partnerships on Patient Care in Health Service Providing Institutions. For this purpose, theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as: the systematic review of the literature composed of 346,052 studies (Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, Microsoft Academic and ProQuest) of which 63 were selected as relevant for the research. The main result was the evidence of the need to implement Public-Private Partnerships within the public health system in the health sector to mitigate the lack of necessary resources or management capacity to raise the level of quality of medical care in general in the countries.