Conductive composites of lignophenol and polyaniline

Lignophenols (LPs) have been directly synthesized from lignocellulosics through the phase-separation system composed of concentrated acids and phenols under mild conditions. As resulting LPs have rich phenolic hydroxyl groups by grafted phenols, various derivatives were easily designed from LPs. LPs and Polyaniline (PAni) produced conductive composites mixed in homogeneous conditions of N-methylpyrollidone solutions with emeraldine salts confirmed by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Softwood LPs grafted with mono phenol showed better conductivities. Especially, both Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)-lignophenol (p-cresol type) and Western Hemlock-lignophenol (m-cresol type) showed high conductivities, 4.6 x 10(-6) Scm(-1) and 1.0 x 10(-7) Scm(-1), respectively. But both LPs with polyphenols and 2(nd) derivatives of LPs with small molecules have not showed good results. The conductivities of LPs/PAni composites probably were produced by polymeric structures, hydrophobic pi-pi stackings and intermolecular interactions. Thus, these properties of LPs for dopings were derived from both polymeric structures with aromatic rings and high acidities amplified by 1,1-bis(aryl)propane type structures. These conductivities were sufficient for removal of static electricity or resistance for rust.