Association of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with bone stiffness in peripubertal children

Introduction Physical activity (PA) is a key factor of bone mass acquisition in peripubertal children. Sedentary behavior (SB) has been shown to influence bone outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between objectively measured PA and SB and bone stiffness in Japanese children. Materials and Methods Participants were fifth-grade children aged 10-11 years from Project Koshu. The stiffness index (SI) of the calcaneus was measured by quantitative ultrasound; PA and SB were evaluated by an accelerometer. Each PA parameter was divided into sex-specific tertile or stratified by recommended PA guideline [>= 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)]. The SI was compared among PA and SB through analysis of covariance with Bonferroni correction. Results Of 174 children, complete data were obtained from 134 (60 boys and 74 girls). The SI in boys was higher in the highest tertile of MVPA than that in the other groups. A similar association was found in girls but was not significant. Children who met the PA guideline had higher SI than those who did not, but there was no significant difference. A negative relation was observed in girls, with the SI gradually decreasing along with increasing SB (p for trend = 0.038). This association was not observed among boys. Conclusion This study suggests that MVPA is positively associated with bone stiffness in Japanese schoolchildren in boys and SB is negatively associated with that in girls. Reducing SB might be a brief modifiable factor for preventing lower peak bone mass in girls, in addition to increasing MVPA.