What have we learned from clinical neuroprotective trials?

Although no neuroprotective agent is yet available for acute stroke patients, the information we have gleaned from clinical neuroprotective trials is incredibly valuable. We know that these agents are biologically active, potentially safe, and likely to have a primary role in the acute treatment of the stroke patient. The ischemic cascade has been attacked from a myriad of directions, and we now appreciate some of the advantages and limitations of preclinical models. We can use this knowledge to design more effective trials in the future.