A low-noise, non-contact EEG/ECG sensor

Typical electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram, (ECG) sensors require conductive gel to ensure low-impedance electrical contact between the sensor and skin, making set-up time-consuming and long-term recording problematic. We present a gel-free, non-contact EEG/ECG sensor with on-board electrode that capacitively couples to the skin. Active shielding of the high-impedance input significantly reduces noise pickup, and reduces variations in gain as a function of gap distance. The integrated sensor combines amplification, bandpass filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion within a 1 inch diameter enclosure. The measured input-referred noise, over 1-100Hz frequency range, is 2 mu Vrms at 0.2mm sensor distance, and 17 mu Vrms at 3.2mm distance. Experiments coupling the sensor to human scalp through hair and to chest through clothing produce clear EEG and ECG recorded signals.