Effect of aerobic exercise with diet on sex hormones and selected coagulation biomarkers in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: The current study determined the effect of aerobic training and diet program versus diet only on sex hormones and selected coagulation biomarkers in obese postmenopausal women. Further. the correlation between the measured variables after the intervention was identified. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible 40 women were distributed into two equal groups: the experimental group that received aerobic training three times per week for 12 weeks along with a balanced diet. and the control group that received a balanced diet only. Changes in weight. body mass index, sex hormones, and coagulation biomarkers were assessed pre-and post-intervention. The correlation between evaluated variables was assessed. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated a significant difference in sex hormones (i.e.. a substantial decrease in estradiol. total testosterone. free testosterone, and a substantial increase in sex hormone-binding globulin) and coagulation biomarkers (a considerable reduction in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. fibrinogen, and a significant increase in tissue plasminogen activator. prothrombin time. and cephalin-kaolin coagulation time). This discrepancy was highly significant in the experimental group (p < 0.01) relative to the control group (p < 0.05), and there was a strong link between sex hormones and coagulation biomarkers (p <= 0.05). Conversely, no correlation between variables was noticed in the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise along with a balanced diet modulates sex hormones level. improves homeostasis balance in postmenopausal women, and reduces the potential risk of cardiovascular disease.