Erectile Dysfunction and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease

Background: An association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) has long been recognized, and studies suggest that ED is an independent marker of CVD risk. More significantly, ED is a marker for both obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and may reveal the presence of subclinical CAD in otherwise asymptomatic men. Aim: To discuss the role of ED as an early marker of subclinical CVD; describe an approach to quantifying that burden; and propose an algorithm for the evaluation and management of CV risk in men 40-60 years of age with vasculogenic ED, those presumed to have the highest risk for a CV event. Methods: A comprehensive review of original literature and expert consensus documents was conducted and incorporated into clinical recommendations for ED management in the context of CV risk. Outcomes: Assessment and management of ED may help identify and reduce the risk of future CV events. Initial evaluation should distinguish between vasculogenic ED and ED of other etiologies. Results: For men with predominantly vasculogenic ED, we recommend that initial CV risk stratification be based on the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association atherosclerotic CV disease risk score. Management of men with ED who are at low risk for CVD should focus on risk factor control; men at high risk, including those with CV symptoms, should be referred to a cardiologist. Intermediate-risk men should undergo non-invasive evaluation for subclinical atherosclerosis. Evidence supports use of a prognostic markers, particularly coronary calcium score, to further understand CV risk in men with ED. Conclusions: Clinicians must assess the presence or absence of ED in every man > 40 years of age, especially those men who are asymptomatic for signs and symptoms of CAD. We support CV risk stratification and CVD risk factor reduction in all men with vasculogenic ED. Copyright (C) 2018, International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.