Salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiotherapy failure

Background and purpose: To evaluate high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BT) as a salvage modality for locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiotherapy failure. Materials and methods: Eighty-three prostate cancer patients, who locally relapsed after radiotherapy, were treated with salvage HDR BT. The schedule was three implantations, every two weeks, with 10 Gy per implant, to a total dose of 30 Gy. Acute and late toxicity rates were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and biochemical control were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Median follow-up after salvage HDR was 41 months. The 3-year and 5-year OS were 93% and 86%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) were 76% and 67%, respectively. The single factor associated with biochemical control was time to achieve salvage PSA nadir (p-.006). OS was linked significantly with primary nadir level (p-.001) while primary biochemical relapse interval was of borderline significance (p-.07). Conclusions: Salvage HDR BT is a promising treatment option for patients with localized relapse of previously irradiated prostate cancer. Lower PSA nadir after primary radiotherapy and longer primary disease-free interval influence the outcome. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.