The cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries is not only a powerful means of basing on the current, adjusting the structure and changing the mode of development, but also a major strategic choice for the future, long-term, support and lead the comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development of the economy in various provinces and cities. This article first compares the development policy of strategic emerging industries between China and Japan. We hope to get inspiration evolved from the process of the development of strategic emerging industries from Japan, combined with Chinese realities, and provide valuable theory basis and strategic reference for relevant government.