The operation and performance of Earthquake Early Warnings by the Japan Meteorological Agency

The Japan Meteorological Agency commenced an Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) provision service in August 2006 to advanced users and in October 2007 to the Japanese public. By the end of 2009, EEWs had been issued to advanced users for more than 2100 earthquakes and to the public for 11 earthquakes. Nearly 80% of seismic intensity predictions were accurate within +/- 1 intensity unit on JMA's Seismic Intensity Scale. The Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008 demonstrated the efficiency of EEWs in many places. However, there were other cases where the warnings were not issued in time for strong tremors. Further technical development is needed for both earthquake source parameter estimation and seismic intensity prediction. Public education in regard to the technical limitations and accuracy of EEWs as well as actions to take in response to such warnings are also indispensable. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.