Numerical Predictions for Centrifuge Model Tests of a Liquefiable Sloping Ground Using a Strain Space Multiple Mechanism Model Based on the Finite Strain Theory

sloping ground performed by various institutions within a framework of Class A, B, and C prediction phases of the LEAP (Liquefaction Experiments and Analysis Project). The simulations are performed by using a strain space multiple mechanism model based on the finite strain theory (including both total and updated Lagrangian formulations), in which both material and geometrical nonlinearity are considered. In the simulation, dynamic response analyses are carried out following self-weight analyses with gravity. The soil parameters of the constitutive model are determined based on the results of laboratory soil tests (e.g., cyclic triaxial tests) and some empirical formulae. The identification process of the parameters is explained in details besides the computational conditions (e.g., geometric modeling, initial and boundary conditions, numerical schemes such as time integration technique). In addition to the numerical results of the Class A prediction using a target input motion, those of the Class B and C predictions using recorded motions in the centrifuge model tests are also presented. Comparison between these predictions and measured results has revealed that the constitutive model parameters for effective stress analyses should be calibrated to well capture the shape and trend of liquefaction resistance curves, and subsequently estimate the damage of soil systems due to liquefaction with higher accuracy.