Evaluation of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder

Objective: The most prominent functional magnetic resonance imaging findings of social anxiety disorder are increased activity in emotional regulation areas (amygdala, insula, hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) and fear circuit and altered activity in the prefrontal cortex. This study aims to investigate network abnormalities during resting state. Method: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images of 21 drug-free patients with social anxiety disorder and 21 healthy controls (matched according to age, gender, and years of education) were recorded. Resting-state functional connectivity networks were obtained with independent component analysis and were compared by using the voxel-based t-test between the two groups. Results: Patients with social anxiety disorder displayed decreased intrinsic functional connectivity in the anterior component of the salience network (left orbitofrontal cortex) and increased intrinsic functional connectivity in the posterior component of the salience network (left supramarginal gyrus). Conclusion: Most of the studies about social anxiety disorder mainly focused on the fear circuit and emotional regulation areas by using anxiety -provoking tasks or by using seed-based analysis of functional connectivity. By applying a whole-brain independent component analysis, we found altered functional connectivity in the salience network, but no significant difference was found in the fear circuit areas. Our results suggest that abnormal connectivity in the salience network play a crucial role in the of social anxiety disorder.