Indicators for sustainable energy development: An Icelandic case study

Sustainable energy development is a complex and global policy objective. What needs to be emphasized to reach the objective, varies based on context corresponding to different energy-related challenges. A robust set of context-specific indicators is needed to measure progress towards sustainable energy development. Sustainability indicators enable the monitoring of progress towards policy goals and can inform actions and decision-making. Indicators often reflect the critical issues or challenges that lie ahead. In this study, an iterative stakeholder approach to indicator development is implemented within Iceland. The approach highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement for indicator selection and that indicators need to be context specific. The product of this is a set of indicators for sustainable energy development of the Icelandic energy system. These indicators, based on stakeholder input, reflect national priorities for energy development. Multiple products with policy implications come out of the process; indicators, analysis of stakeholders and their views, a definition of sustainable energy development in the context, a roadmap towards it, and identification of linkages between indicators. Thus, the process can provide a base for energy policy, an action plan towards sustainable energy development that is supported by stakeholders.