Numerical simulation of a rising bubble with phase change

In this paper, efficient and stable way of sharp energy method for two-phase flow with phase change is proposed. General discretization procedure for the implementation of the proposed method is also described. Compared to existing sharp energy formulations, the proposed method does not require any cutoff value for solution stability. Several different formulations of the mass source term at the phase changing interface were compared for their accuracy. Theoretical solution of a bubble growth in a stagnant liquid with zero gravity was used to identify the proper choice of the necessary formulation. After fixing the right formulation, probing distance for the temperature gradients to compute mass transfer rate at the interface was tested for optimal grid convergence. Probing distance of 0.75 times the grid size with first order approximation was found to be generally optimal for the best grid convergence within considered working resolution. A bubble rise with phase change was simulated and compared with experimental data. The bubble growth rate from the simulation was well compared with experiment. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.