The Effects of Blood Glucose Concentration on the Shivering Threshold in Rabbits

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill and surgical patients, as are core temperature disturbances. The effect of hyperglycemia on thermoregulatory defenses remains unknown. We determined the effect of blood glucose concentration on the shivering threshold in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-seven rabbits lightly anesthetized with isoflurane were randomly assigned to infusions of (1) saline, (2) insulin titrated to produce blood glucose concentrations 60 to 100 mg/dL, or (3) 50% dextrose titrated to produce blood glucose concentrations 200 to 300 mg/dL. Core temperature was reduced at a rate of 2 to 3 degrees C/h by perfusing water at 10 degrees C through a plastic tube positioned in the colon. Cooling continued until shivering was observed by an investigator blinded to treatment or until esophageal (core) temperature reached 34 degrees C. Core temperatures at the onset of shivering defined the threshold. All analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). RESULTS: Rabbits given saline shivered at 37.2 0.5 degrees C (mean +/- SD). Rabbits given insulin shivered at 36.3 +/- 1.1 degrees C. Rabbits given dextrose shivered at 38.0 +/- 0.6 degrees C. The shivering threshold increased as a function of blood glucose concentration: shivering threshold (degrees C) = 0.009 [blood glucose concentration (mg/dL)] + 35.6, r(2) = 0.53. The shivering threshold thus increased approximately 1 degrees C for each 100 mg/dL increase in blood glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemia increases the threshold for shivering, whereas hypoglycemia lowers the threshold on rabbits.