Traffic accident analysis and prevention from the psychological standpoint

By road traffic accident prevention generally we understand a set of measures that either directly or indirectly influence road users so as to reduce their conflict behavior in road traffic, which mostly results in harm to health or damage to objects. This preventive activity takes many forms including: the creation of safe traffic environments through traffic engineering measures; education and training of individual road users, including training in driving schools and testing the applicants for licenses good quality legislation regulating and monitoring the technical condition of vehicles and roads. Punitive enforcement, too, can be considered prevention. The basic general rule for work in the field of road traffic safety accident prevention is the "3 E" rule: Education, Enforcement, Engineering. Sometimes this is extended to "4 E" by including Evaluation. These 3 or 4 rules express the necessity for a complex approach to the problem. The analysis of the reliability of individual accident prevention systems should refer to the tripartite basis: the person, the means of transport, and the environment; and it is made possible by theoretical models based on the analysis and evaluation of errors. Within the framework of analyzing preventive measures, the research was focused on selecting workers, education of road users, training programs and working conditions.