Cognitive dysfunction in heart failure-Causes and sequelae

Approximately 40% of patients with heart failure show cognitive deficits, such as concentration difficulties, attention deficits, and memory impairment. Affected patients have a higher rate of rehospitalization and an increased mortality. This could be due to low adherence mediated by a lack of disease-specific knowledge and strategies to deal with symptom exacerbation. The pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in heart failure is multifactorial. In this respect the heart failure itself as well as cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities play a role. Orientating neuropsychological screening tests can show a first indication of the presence of cognitive impairment. When identified, the causes can be specifically treated and care can be optimized through certain measures, such as the involvement of caregivers and healthcare providers.