Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Domestic animals in Sudan A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study is aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in Sudan. This search included all published and unpublished studies written in Arabic and English before May 25, 2021. Databases namely Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, direct Google search, Google Scholar, world cat log, OpenGrey, OATD, and universities web-sites were used to retrieve published articles. Out of 650 screened studies, 27 articles with a total of 9926 animals were eligible for this meta-analysis. Data synthesis and statistical analysis were conducted by STATA software ver-sion 16. The pooled prevalence of overall T. gondii infections in the domes-tic animals, males, and females in Sudan was 38% (with CI 32%-45%), 36% (CI 25%-46%), and 38% (CI 28%-47%), respectively. Of these, the chicken had the highest prevalence of 80%, followed by sheep of 45%, goat of 41%, camel of 40%, cattle of 31%, horse of 31%, stray cats of 30%, and donkeys with the lowest prevalence of 16%. In this study, the reported pooled prevalence of T. gondii infections in Sudan was higher compared with other countries. The interpretation of these findings should take into consideration the presence of substantial heterogeneity between the included studies.