Sex Hormones and Primary Headaches Other than Migraine

The relation between sex hormones and migraine has been examined in a series of studies, leading to the definitions of pure menstrual migraine and menstrually-related migraine. The relation between sex hormones and other types of primary headache has been studied less extensively, but there is at least some evidence that hormones in general, and menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause in particular, also impact these disorders. This article reviews the available literature on changes of tension-type headache, cluster headache, other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and hemicrania continua during women's reproductive periods.