A State of the Art Review on Sensible and Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Processes in Porous Media: Mesoscopic Simulation

Sharing renewable energies, reducing energy consumption and optimizing energy management in an attempt to limit environmental problems (air pollution, global warming, acid rain, etc.) has today become a genuine concern of scientific engineering research. Furthermore, with the drastic growth of requirements in building and industrial worldwide sectors, the need for proper techniques that allow enhancement in the thermal performance of systems is increasingly being addressed. It is worth noting that using sensible and latent heat storage materials (SHSMs and phase change materials (PCMs)) for thermal energy storage mechanisms can meet requirements such as thermal comfort in buildings when selected correctly. However, as the operating temperature changes, a series of complex technical issues arise, such as heat transfer issues, leaks, corrosion, subcooling, supercooling, etc. This paper reviews the most recent research advances in the area of sensible and latent heat storage through the porous media as potential technology while providing useful information for researchers and engineers in the energy storage domain. To this end, the state and challenges of PCMs incorporation methods are drawn up, and an updated database of various research is provided while discussing the conclusions concerning the sensible and latent heat storage in porous media, their scopes of application and impact on energy consumption. In the light of this non-exhaustive review, it turns out that the adoption of porous matrices improves the thermal performance of systems, mitigates energy consumption and drops CO2 emissions while ensuring thermal comfort within buildings. In addition, at the representative elementary volume (REV) and pore scales, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is examined as an alternative method to the commonly used, traditional numerical methods. These two approaches are compared based on results available in the literature. Through these means, their ability to handle latent and sensible heat storage process in a porous medium is demonstrated. To sum up, to be more complete, perspectives of sensible and latent energy storage technologies are covered.