Determinants of HIV testing among Filipino women: Results from the 2013 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey

Background The prevalence of having ever tested for HIV in the Philippines is very low and is far from the 90% target of the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) and UNAIDS, thus the need to identify the factors associated with ever testing for HIV among Filipino women. Methods We analysed the 2013 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The NDHS is a nationally representative survey which utilized a two-stage stratified design to sample Filipino women aged 15-49. We considered the following exposures in our study: socio-demographic characteristics of respondent and her partner (i.e., age of respondent, age of partner, wealth index, etc.), sexual practices and contraception (i.e., age at first intercourse, condom use, etc.), media access, tobacco use, HIV knowledge, tolerance to domestic violence, and women's empowerment. The outcome variable is HIV testing. We used logistic regression for survey data to study the said associations. Results Out of 16,155 respondents, only 372 (2.4%) have ever tested for HIV. After adjusting for confounders, having tertiary education (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.15-4.04), living with partner (aOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.19-2.48), tobacco use (aOR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.13-3.11); belonging to the middle class (aOR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.30-5.67), richer (aOR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.37-5.68), and richest (aOR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.80-5.91) populations, having weekly television access (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04-2.94) or internet access (aOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.35-3.00), living in a rural area (aOR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.34-2.61); and being a Muslim (aOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.15-4.57) were associated with ever testing for HIV. Conclusions The low percentage of respondents who test for HIV is a call to further strengthen efforts to promote HIV testing among Filipino women. Information on its determinants can be used to guide the crafting and implementation of interventions to promote HIV testing to meet DOH and UNAIDS targets.