From Baybars to Qaytbay: The Untold Story of the Ludd Decree

The purpose of this study is to decipher an unpublished decree inscription from the late 15th century CE/late 9th century AH found in the Great Mosque of Ludd. This article explores the historic events linked to the decree's inscription, which unveils some of the social and political systems that operated in the time of its creation. Deciphering the content of the decree is complemented by a study of the context of its placement. Furthermore, this article considers some of the recent history of the Ludd Decree inscription, from the time of its removal from the original location to its replacement with another inscription. This paper will also demonstrate that The Great Mosque of Ludd and the Mosque of al-.Umari are in fact two different mosques, as they have been mistakenly considered the same mosque due to the movement of inscriptions.