Sustainable planning instruments through indicator-based controlling tools

The implementation of the concept of sustainable development through spatial planning requires new methodological and operational specifications. A regulation mechanism is needed that includes measurable target values and allows steering interventions. In Switzerland, we developed a model for more efficient and sustainable planning instruments through an indicator-based system of monitoring and controlling to assess and evaluate spatial development. Deviations in the actual spatial development from the planning objectives can be promptly detected and corrected with suitable measures. Controlling considers the objectives in spatial development plans and the processes designed to reach them. The constant comparison between the objectives and the current actual state allows the decision-makers to determine if the planning objectives are being achieved. Controlling, as introduced by us in two Swiss cantons, can also be understood as a management review tool for the analysis of existing plan's. To evaluate spatial development, it is necessary to define specific, quantifiable indicators and target values (standards) for the objectives. Whether a project is meeting its standards will be revealed by the changes in the measured indicators. By pointing out the calls for action and necessary adjustments of the spatial development plan, an indicator based controlling contributes to a dynamic management of the planning. With the introduction of an automatic control loop, a faster reaction to unwanted (unsustainable) spatial development is possible, and thus a higher effectiveness of the planning can be achieved.