Computer simulation as a tool to investigate ACL injuries during landing movements in downhill skiing

This paper provides a brief overview of possibilities for the use of forward dynamic musculoskeletal models as a tool to investigate anterior cruciate ligament injuries during landing movements in downhill skiing. The minimum required model components are briefly described. An example of a simulated normal landing movement is presented. The big advantage of computer simulation is that possibly dangerous modifications of equipment can be studied. The main disadvantage is that the computer model is only an approximation of the real object of study. Therefore, existing models must be subjected to more validation until their predicted anterior cruciate ligament forces can be treated with greater reliability. Trends, however, indicating the direction of changes in predicted loading are more reliable at this point.