Biomarkers and long-term labour market outcomes: The case of creatine

被引：4

作者：

Bockerman, Petri ^{[1
,2
]}

Bryson, Alex ^{[2
,3
,4
]}

Viinikainen, Jutta ^{[5
]}

Hakulinen, Christian ^{[6
]}

Pulkki-Raback, Laura ^{[6
,7
]}

Raitakari, Olli ^{[8
,9
]}

Pehkonen, Jaakko ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] Labour Inst Econ Res, Turku Sch Econ, Helsinki, Finland

[2] IZA, Bonn, Germany

[3] UCL, Inst Educ, London, England

[4] NIESR, London, England

[5] Jyvaskyla Univ, Sch Business & Econ, Jyvaskyla, Finland

[6] Univ Helsinki, Dept Psychol & Logoped, Fac Med, Helsinki, Finland

[7] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Collegium Adv Studies, Helsinki, Finland

[8] Univ Turku, Res Ctr Appl & Prevent Cardiovasc Med, Turku, Finland

[9] Turku Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol & Nucl Med, Turku, Finland

来源：

JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION | 2017年 / 142卷

基金：

芬兰科学院;

关键词：

Biomarkers; Creatine; Creatinine; Labour market; Earnings; Employment; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; YOUNG FINNS; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; BIRTH-WEIGHT; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; TESTOSTERONE; CHILDREN; RETURNS; OBESITY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jebo.2017.08.003

中图分类号：

F [经济];

学科分类号：

02 ;

摘要：

Using the Young Finns Study (YFS) combined with the Finnish Linked Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) we show that quantities of creatine measured in 1980 prior to labour market entry affect labour market outcomes over the period 1990-2010. Those with higher levels of creatine (proxied by urine creatinine) prior to labour market entry spend more time in the labour market in the subsequent two decades and earn more. The associations between creatine and labour market outcomes are robust to controlling for other biomarkers, educational attainment and parental background. Creatine is a naturally occurring nitrogenous organic acid which supplies energy to body cells, including muscles. Our findings are consistent with high energy levels, induced by creatine, leading to productivity-enhancing traits such as a high propensity for effort, perseverance, and high-commitment. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：259 / 274

页数：16

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