Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients with diabetes towards diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy

Background: Epidemiological and knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) studies about diabetic microvascular complications are lacking. The goals of this study are: determining 1) the prevalence of diabetes mellitus subtypes and microvascular complications, 2) the KAP towards the complications and 3) health-seeking behavior, barriers to follow-up, stigma and sources of information. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2020 enrolling 380 Lebanese patients with diabetes asked about socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, medical, therapeutic, supplement, and dietary history, KAP scores, health-seeking behavior, stigma, barriers to compliance, and sources of information. Results: The prevalence of diabetes type II, type I, gestational, and the microvascular complications was 82.23%, 15.65%, 2.12%, and 33.07% respectively. Factors with significant association were: 1) good quality of life (beta=-0.03; p=0.005) and presence of microvascular complications (beta=3.58; p=0.001) with knowledge score, 2) good quality of life (beta=-0.01; p=0.02) and absence of the complications (beta=-0.33; p=0.001) with attitude score, 3) advanced age (beta=0.01; p=0.01), no metformin (beta=-0.39; p=0.005), and low-protein diet (beta=0.6; p=0.02) with practice score. Patients visited community pharmacies (41.84%) and clinics (46.32%). Barriers were costs (33.42%) and time (30.53%). Few talked about the complications to the family (19.74%). Sources of information were healthcare workers. Conclusion: Awareness campaigns should be tailored accordingly to retard the microvascular complications.