COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines

被引：60

作者：

Malcangi, Giuseppina ^{[1
]}

Inchingolo, Alessio Danilo ^{[1
]}

Inchingolo, Angelo Michele ^{[1
]}

Piras, Fabio ^{[1
]}

Settanni, Vito ^{[1
]}

Garofoli, Grazia ^{[1
]}

Palmieri, Giulia ^{[1
]}

Ceci, Sabino ^{[1
]}

Patano, Assunta ^{[1
]}

Mancini, Antonio ^{[1
]}

Vimercati, Luigi ^{[1
]}

Nemore, Damiano ^{[1
]}

Scardapane, Arnaldo ^{[1
]}

Rapone, Biagio ^{[1
]}

Semjonova, Alexandra ^{[1
]}

D'Oria, Maria Teresa ^{[1
,2
]}

Macchia, Luigi ^{[3
]}

Bordea, Ioana Roxana ^{[4
]}

Migliore, Giovanni ^{[5
]}

Scarano, Antonio ^{[6
]}

Lorusso, Felice ^{[6
]}

Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino ^{[7
]}

Giovanniello, Delia ^{[8
]}

Nucci, Ludovica ^{[9
]}

Maggialetti, Nicola ^{[10
]}

Parisi, Antonio ^{[11
]}

Domenico, Marina Di ^{[12
]}

Brienza, Nicola ^{[13
]}

Tafuri, Silvio ^{[14
]}

Stefanizzi, Pasquale ^{[14
]}

Curatoli, Luigi ^{[15
]}

Corriero, Alberto ^{[13
]}

Contaldo, Maria ^{[9
]}

Inchingolo, Francesco ^{[1
]}

Dipalma, Gianna ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Interdisciplinary Med, I-70124 Bari, Italy

[2] Univ Udine, Dept Med & Biol Sci, Via Sci 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[3] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Sch & Chair Allergol & Clin Immunol, Dept Emergency & Organ Transplantat DETO, I-70121 Bari, Italy

[4] Iuliu Hatieganu Univ Med & Pharm, Fac Dent, Dept Oral Rehabil, Cluj Napoca 400012, Romania

[5] Univ Hosp Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy

[6] Univ G dAnnunzio, Dept Innovat Technol Med & Dent, I-66100 Chieti, Italy

[7] Univ Milan, Osped Maggiore Policlin, UOC Maxillofacial Surg & Dent,Sch Dent, Dept Biomed Surg & Dent Sci,Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda, I-20100 Milan, Italy

[8] Hosp San Camillo Forlanini, Dept Torac Surg, I-00152 Rome, Italy

[9] Univ Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Multidisciplinary Dept Med Surg & Dent Specialtie, Via Luigi de Crecchio 6, I-80138 Naples, Italy

[10] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Med Sci Neurosci & Sensory Organs, I-70124 Bari, Italy

[11] Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Puglia & Basilicata, I-71121 Foggia, Italy

[12] Univ Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Dept Precis Med, I-80138 Naples, Italy

[13] Aldo Moro Univ, Dept Emergencies & Organ Transplantat, Unit Anesthesia & Resuscitat, I-70124 Bari, Italy

[14] Univ Bari, Dept Biomed Sci & Human Oncol, I-70124 Bari, Italy

[15] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Neurosci & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal, I-70124 Bari, Italy

来源：

CHILDREN-BASEL | 2022年 / 9卷 / 02期

关键词：

children; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-1; COVID-19; antibodies; vaccines; therapy; pregnancy; dentistry; Pfizer; ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; CONVERTING ENZYME 2; CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS; DISEASE; METAANALYSIS; MANIFESTATIONS; PROBIOTICS; IMMUNITY;

D O I：

10.3390/children9020249

中图分类号：

R72 [儿科学];

学科分类号：

100202 ;

摘要：

Since the beginning in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak appeared to affect mostly the adult population, sparing the vast majority of children who only showed mild symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the status on the mechanisms that give children and infants this variation in epidemiology compared to the adult population and its impact on therapies and vaccines that are aimed towards them. A literature review, including in vitro studies, reviews, published guidelines and clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials concerned topics that allowed a descriptive synthesis to be produced. Four underlying mechanisms were found that may play a key role in providing COVID-19 protection in babies. No guidelines are available yet for therapy due to insufficient data; support therapy remains the most used. Only two vaccines are approved by the World Health Organization to be used in children from 12 years of age, and there are currently no efficacy or safety data for children below the age of 12 years. The COVID-19 clinical frame infection is milder in children and adolescents. This section of the population can act as vectors and reservoirs and play a key role in the transmission of the infection; therefore, vaccines are paramount. More evidence is required to guide safely the vaccination campaign.

引用

页数：28

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