Paleoproterozoic high-pressure-high-temperature pelitic granulites from Datong in the North China Craton and their geological implications: Constraints from petrology and phase equilibrium modeling

Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metapelites are widespread in northern part of the North China Craton (NCC), and their metamorphic conditions and P-T paths provide important constraints for tectonic evolution of the NCC. However, it is still controversial on the metamorphic evolution of these rocks due to variations of retrograde modification. In combination with detailed petrological studies, geological mapping, and geochronology, we here present new evidence from Gushan, Datong, conjunction zone of the Ji'ning Complex and Huai'an Complex to constrain P-T evolution of the metapelites. Field investigations reveal that the pelitic granulites are spatially associated with high-pressure (HP) maflc granulites, showing concordant characteristics of deformation and metamorphism. Fine mineralogical and microstructural studies reveal that kyanite-bearing HP granulite-facies indicators preserved in garnet porphyroblasts of the pelitic granulites. It suggests the previously assumed moderate-to low-pressure (MP-LP) and high-to ultrahigh-temperature (HT-UHT) pelitic granulites have experienced HP granulite-facies metamorphism. Four metamorphic generation assemblages (M-1-M-4) are recognized in the studied samples. The pre-P(max)assemblages (Mi) are characterized by mineral inclusions within garnet core, including Bt-Qz-Rt +/- Ms +/- Liq, representing the late stage of prograde metamorphism. The P (max)assemblages (M (2), HP granulite-facies) are represented by garnet mantle and its inclusion-type minerals, i.e., Grt-Ky-Kfs-Bt-Rt-Liq-Qz +/- Ms +/- Zn Spl. It is followed by heating until the maximum of temperature stage (M-3, T (max)), featured by disappearance of biotite and transition from kyanite into sillimanite, with mineral assemblages of Grt-Sil-Kfs-Liq-Qz-Ilm +/- Zn Spl. The cooling stage (M-4) is featured by breakdown of garnet to Bt+Qz +/- PI +/- Sil +/- Ilm. Phase equilibrium modeling and titanium-in-biotite thermometer are combined to constrain the P-T evolution of the studied samples. The P-T conditions for the M-1-M-4 are respectively estimated around similar to 11-11.5 kbar/similar to 770-790 degrees C, similar to 10.3-13.8 kbar/similar to 820-835 degrees C,-6.5-9.5 kbar/-850-925 degrees C,-6 kbar/similar to 645-761 similar to C, which defined a clockwise P-T path. Zircon U-Pb ages of two representative samples demonstrated comparable age clusters of similar to 1950 Ma and similar to 1850 Ma, which are interpreted to represent the timing of HP and MP-LP granulite-facies stages, respectively. Combining with other studies of the NCC, we propose that the pelitic granulites and associated HP mafic granulites have experienced the common metamorphic processes from peak stage (HP-HT granulite-facies) to retrograde metamorphism. Due to intensive and pervasive overprint of sillimanite-type granulite-facies metamorphism, the HP granulite-facies mineral assemblages of the pelitic granulites are partially or completely reworked. The metamorphic peak conditions and relatively high thermal gradients of these granulite-facies rocks suggest that their formation is probably in response to a crustal-scale subduction-collision process during the late Paleoproterozoic.