In order to investigate the effect of the niobium ion implantation on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of zircaloy-4, the potentiodynamic polarization curves of specimens implanted by niobium ions at different doses were measured in acqueous 1N H2SO4. The surface morphology of the specimen after polarization measurement was observed by scanning electricon microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of zircaloy-4 could be improved by niobium ion implantation, the improvement being related to the implantation dose. In addition, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyse the composition and valence of the surface layer. It was found that Nb and. Zr existed on the surface in the form of Nb2O5 and ZrO2 for the implantation doses of 5 x 10(16)ion/cm(2) and 1 x 10(17)ion/cm(2), while in the form of Nb2O5, NbO and ZrO2 for the dose of 2 x 10(17)ion/cm(2).