Indicators of Quality Assurance in Higher Learning Institutions: A Review

Changes in the provision of education and the drive to meet the sustainable development goals in education has contributed to the establishment of higher learning institutions. To support these developments, the emphasis on quality assurance (QA) in these higher learning institutions has triggered QA assessments and monitoring. The purpose of this study was to review the indicators of QA in higher learning institutions. Based on the concepts on which QA is examined in higher learning institutions, a methodology was adopted. A number of key indicators at the input, process and outcome concept of QA examination have been revealed. These indicators are relevant to implement in existing and new QA systems of higher learning institutions. To policy makers, government and regulators, the study provides insights on the development of QA assessment and monitoring tools. The identified indicators of QA and the proposed QA framework can be reengineered in QA systems of higher learning institutions of different contexts.