Research on Ecological Security of Shengjin Lake Wetland (Anhui Province of China) Based on TM Images

Environmental security is the guarantee of human well-being. This paper discusses the dynamic change process of wetland landscape pattern in Shengjin Lake of Anhui Province and establishes the ecological security Press-state-response model of Shengjin Lake and its driving forces in order to provide a scientific basis for further research and restoration on wetland protection of Shengjin Lake. With the support of remote sensing and GIS technology, four TM images in 1986, 1995, 2008 and 2019 were used as the basic information sources for analysis. The landscape pattern in Shengjin Lake has changed greatly with the significant increasing area of woodland and reed beach as well as the remarkable increasing area of water area, paddy field and construction land. The diversity index show an upward trend whereas the dominance index is contrary. The fragmentation degree is intensifying and the plaque types showed a trend of diversity. The intensified degree of landscape fragmentation and the growing number of patches will make the fragmentation of wetland ecosystem increasingly serious and influence the storage capacity of wetland, it will also change the hydrological conditions of the whole wetland and weaken the ecological benefits of wetland. In addition, the wetland ecological security index under the change of landscape pattern is decreasing years by years, the wetland ecological security form is in a state of warning and the situation is not optimistic. Through Pearson correlation analysis, it was found that agricultural development and utilization have a great impact on the population of white-headed crane in Shengjin Lake. In recent years, the economy development, increasing human population and construction land, and the intensification of reclamation activities as well as the transformation of the study area caused by human activities all have relatively reduced the area of natural wetland and affected the habitat of organisms. The ecological function of Shengjin Lake wetland is also continuing to decline. Natural and human factors have become the main driving forces of wetland pattern change.