Changing trends in the use of novel oral anticoagulants and warfarin for treating non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Background Prevention of thromboembolism by novel oral anticoagulants is increasing, whilst use of vitamin K antagonists is on the decline. We assessed changes in the use of these anticoagulants in treating non-valvular atrial fibrillation between 2014 and 2018. Methods One-hundred and sixty-two consecutive patients (95 men, 67 women) with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, mean age 72.3 years (standard deviation = 11.0), underwent cardiac assessment in a single cardiac unit. Use of anticoagulants at the time of investigation was documented: overall 83 (51.2%) patients were prescribed novel oral anticoagulants and 79 (48.8%) warfarin treatment. Trends in treatment rates with either anticoagulant class over time were characterised by calculating the average annual percentage change using a Joinpoint Regression Program 4.7.0.0. Results There were diverging trends in anticoagulant treatment from 2014 to 2018 without join points: yearly increase in novel oral anticoagulant treatment (41.9, 45.5, 53.7, 53.1 and 72.7%, average annual percentage change = 16.2%, 95% confidence interval = 5.8% to 27.5%, p < 0.001), and decrease in warfarin treatment (57.1, 54.5, 46.3, 46.9 and 27.3%, average annual percentage change = -14.4%, 95% confidence interval = -25.2% to -2.1%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Changing trends in treatment with anticoagulants for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation observed within less than two years provide important information to healthcare services to estimate future pharmaco-economic costs for such treatments.