A Sixteenth-Century Swedish Chronicler and his King on Folktales and Ballads

The first Scandinavian mentions of magic folk tales and ballads are by two clergymen-cum-historians, Olavus Petri (the Swedish reformer, 1493-1552), in a generic discussion in the lengthy Introduction to his unpublished Swedish Chronicle), and Anders Foss (1543-1607, Danish-born bishop of Bergen in Norway), who cites ATU 327B & 853 in a discussion of the reliability of Saxo's late twelfth-century Gesta Danorum). Both discuss the value of traditional oral tales (and ballads) as historical sources: Anders Foss rejects them, whereas Olavus Petri emphasizes their value as expressions of demotic attitudes towards the rich and mighty. This was heavily censured by King Gustaf I Vasa, who forbade the publication of Olavus' Chronicle. Note on terminology: Olavus Petri's preface, a large part of which is here translated for the first time, seems to be the first evidence of the Swedish word "sagor" (plural of "saga") being used to denote a specific narrative genre (= wonder tales?). Similarly, Anders Foss's "euentyrer" (archaic plural form of "eventyr" = Marchen, sg. & pl.) is probably the first example of the word being used in this sense in Danish (other than in the still current meaning "adventure" or "quest").