Exponential synchronization for spatio-temporal directed networks via intermittent pinning control

In this paper, the exponential synchronization of directed spatio-temporal complex networks is concerned via intermittent pinning control, where the underlying topology is very generic and is not necessarily node balanced or strongly connected. Firstly, based on the decomposition of the topological graph into several maximal strongly connected subgraphs, two intermittent pinning controllers are developed. Subsequently, by adding the synchronized state as a virtual node to the original network, the exponential pinning synchronization of the underlying network is discussed, and several sufficient criteria are derived by utilizing M-matrix and LMI technique. Finally, the feasibility of theoretical results is substantiated by an illustrative example. CO 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.