Emerging Low-Dimensional Heterostructure Devices for Neuromorphic Computing

Over the last few decades, advance in material science has made it possible to control the dimensions of materials structures with atomic scale precision and to realize various low-dimensional heterostructures. These heterostructures have been widely used in the electronic and spintronic as well as optoelectronic devices, with great success. Engineering the dimensionality and physical properties of low-dimensional materials enables to design a large variety of low-dimensional artificial heterostructures. The inherent physical properties that these emerging low-dimensional heterostructures exhibit open unprecedented opportunities for neuromorphic computing applications, e.g., neuromorphic electronics, neuromorphic spintronics, and neuromorphic optoelectronics, which lay the foundation for building up intelligent system in the future. Herein, the current main status of the emerging low-dimensional heterostructures used in neuromorphic electronic, neuromorphic spintronic, and neuromorphic optoelectronic devices is reviewed, and the relevant challenges and outlook for future advances are discussed.