Titanium Intramedullary Nailing for Treatment of Simple Bone Cysts of the Long Bones in Children

Background Simple or unicameral bone cysts are common benign fluid-filled lesions usually located in the long bones of children before skeletal maturity. Pathological fracture is common, and is often the presenting feature. Aim The objective of the present study was to evaluate the results of titanium intramedullary nailing for the treatment of unicameral bone cysts with or without a pathological fracture. Methods During the period 2001 to 2007, flexible intramedullary nailing for the treatment of a unicameral bone cyst was performed in 18 children. Four of these patients presented with a pathological fracture. The cyst was located in the humerus in 14 patients, in the femur in three, and in the tibia in one. The diagnosis was based on typical radiographs and computed tomography. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 9.4 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 53 months. Radiographic evaluation was performed, and the cyst was classified as completely healed, healed with residual radiolucency, recurred, or having no response. Results Mean hospital stay was 24 hours. At one to four weeks postoperatively, all patients were pain free and had full range of motion of adjacent joints. Radiographic signs of cyst healing were present at three months in all patients, and all cysts healed completely. All of the cysts responded to treatment, with no cyst recurrence. No major complications were observed. Conclusion Elastic intramedullary nailing has the twofold benefits of continuous cyst decompression, and early immediate stability to the involved bone segment, which permits early mobilization and return to normal activities.