Oral conditions of the pre-Hispanic mummies of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain)

Objective: To analyse the oral conditions of pre-Hispanic mummies from Gran Canaria (5th-11th centuries AD), comparing the results with published data from the non-mummified population. Materials: 440 teeth and 764 alveoli of 30 adult mummies. Methods: Macroscopic examination of pathological and non-pathological features of the oral cavity, using standardized criteria. Results: The mummies reveal frequent dental caries (11.8%), especially affecting molars (27.6%), a high prevalence of calculus (66.3%) and periodontal disease (34.9%). The average wear is characterized by extensive dentine exposure. Periapical lesions (10.6%) and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) (15.9%) are common. A high percentage of individuals exhibit linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) (84%). Except for periodontitis, the data indicate the absence of significant statistical differences between the mummies and the skeletonized sample. Conclusions: The profile of the dental pathologies of the mummies indicates a carbohydrate-rich diet that contained abrasive grit from the stone querns used to grind cereals. Comparison of the oral conditions of mummified and skeletonized remains shows no differences in access to food resources, reinforcing the recent rejection of the traditional interpretation of the mummies as the pre-eminent status group of Canarian society. Significance: This is the first study to delve into the oral conditions of pre-Hispanic mummified remains from Gran Canaria. The results have implications for the framing of research questions based on the social status of these mummies. Limitation: The preserved sample of mummified remains of ancient Canarians is small. Suggestion for further research: Comparative analysis from a diachronic perspective would improve understanding of the historical development of ancient Canarians.