Trends in Corneal Transplantation in a Tertiary Hospital in Brazil

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the evolving trends of surgical techniques and indications of corneal transplantation (CT) at a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent CT at the Hospital Oftalmologico de Sorocaba (Sorocaba Eye Hospital) from the Banco de Olhos de Sorocaba (Sorocaba Eye Bank) group in Sorocaba, Brazil, from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019, were analyzed. Data regarding age, sex, transplant indication, and surgical technique were collected. Results: A total of 16,250 CTs were performed. There was a statistically significant decreasing trend of keratoconus-related CT (P < 0.0001), with rates dropping from 41.7% among all CTs in 2012 to 25.5% in 2019. Penetrating keratoplasty, anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and endothelial keratoplasty (EK) accounted for 59.3%, 27.1%, and 7.8% of the CTs performed in 2012 and 33.3%, 16.4%, and 39.9% in 2019, respectively. A statistically significant decreasing trend was observed for penetrating keratoplasty (P < 0.0001) and anterior lamellar keratoplasty (P < 0.0001), whereas EK showed a statistically significant increasing trend during the period (P < 0.0001). Among EKs, Descemet membrane EK increased statistically significantly from 12.8% in 2012 to 74.4% in 2019 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study shows relevant evolving trends in indications and preferred CT techniques in a tertiary hospital in Brazil.