Callout analysis in relation to wild birds in a tropical city: implications for urban species management

Urbanisation is changing landscapes at an unprecedented rate, which consequently changes species compositions. We investigate problems faced by urban birds in a neotropical city by analysing the responses made to callouts by the environmental police of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil from 2002 to 2008. The environment police responded to two types of callouts: solicitation, where a person called to report an issue (n = 560); and reports of hurt or injured birds (n = 399). On average, three callouts per week were made relating to urban birds, with more than half concerning birds of prey. There were significantly more callouts in the wet season, coinciding with peak breeding times for most endemic Brazilian avifauna. We found no effect of caller gender, age or associated socioeconomic factors. Most callouts resulted in birds being forwarded on to Government-managed institute for processing wildlife (n = 584). Only a relatively small number of cases resulted in the birds being released into forested areas within the city (n = 152). Sick birds were sent to veterinary clinics (n = 136) and be released if successfully treated. We suggest how this information could be used to improve urban bird species management in neotropical cities. Our data evidences different guilds to have different relationships with people and birds of prey are less well-understood. The rise in callouts during breeding supports the need for better informed species management, and avoidance of a "one size fits all" approach.