Exploration in carbon emission reduction effect of low-carbon practices in prefabricated building supply chain

Prefabricated buildings (PBs) are recognized as an effective solution to reduce emissions in the construction industry. Existing researches reveal abatement potential of prefabrication comparing to traditional construction methods, but overlook low-carbon practices adopted by stakeholders during prefabrication processes which can unlock green opportunity for PBs. This paper develops a game-based system dynamics (SD) model to explore the implementation effects of low-carbon practices from prefabricated building supply chain (PBSC) perspective. SD model describes the equilibriums of game model and reflects the sources of carbon emissions during prefabri-cation processes, including prefabricated components production, transportation and on-site assembly. Major variables influencing carbon emission reduction level of PBSC are also discussed. The results demonstrate that 1) low-carbon practices can effectively mitigate carbon emissions while the participants' profits are improved; 2) with gradual enhancement of developers' environmental awareness and continuous promotion of prefabrication, effects of low-carbon practices can be further strengthened; 3) carbon taxes cannot always stimulate imple-mentation of low-carbon practices, especially in the initial development stage of prefabricated buildings. This research can provide the PBSC members with supports for adopting low-carbon practices and help government formulate a prospective carbon-reduction policy.