Modifiable risk factors for non-cardioembolic transient ischemic attacks.: Case-control studies in the general population

Introduction. Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) often precede a stroke. Aims. The purpose of this study is to examine the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors for non-cardioembolic TIA. Patients and methods. A population-based case-control study was conducted in a district within the city of Barcelona. The cases were 103 patients with non-cardioembolic TIA, who had been diagnosed by a neurologist, and with normal CA T or MRI scans. Subjects were paired by age and sex with 193 controls without TIA or stroke, who were selected by simple random sampling from the clinical records file at the centre. The risk factors were studied using a standardized questionnaire that included the following factors which were codified in a dichotomous manner: smoking, arterial hypertension (AHT), hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus (DM). Results. The average age was 74.6 years and 52.3% of the subjects were females. All the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were associated to a higher risk of TIA, although only AHT (OR: 1.9; CI 95%: 1.1-3.3) and obesity (OR: 2.1; CI 95%: 1.2-3.6) were associated in a significant way in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis by logistic regression, the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors that were associated in a significant manner were AHT(OR: 1.9; CI95%: 1.0-3.6), obesity (OR: 2.8; CI95%:1.4-12.3) and DM(OR: 1.7; CI95%:1.0-2.9). Conclusions. In the present study, AHT, obesity and DM were seen to be modifiable risk factors for non-cardioembolic TIA.